The Missouri State Congress is actively considering the legalization and regulation of video lottery machines (VLTs) that currently operate in a grey market without oversight. The legislation, known as House Bill 2989 or the "Missouri Video Lottery Control Act," seeks to impose a 3% gross adjusted gaming revenue tax, limit maximum bets to $4 per game, and cap machines at eight per retail location. The bill has previously passed the House 83-73 but stalled in the Senate; it returned to committee hearings in late January 2026.
This push follows years of limited legislative progress amid growing concern over unregulated VLTs found in convenience stores, gas stations, and fraternal organizations across Missouri. In response, a recent amendment introduced an opt-in model allowing municipalities and counties to decide independently whether to permit VLTs in their jurisdictions. The measure was debated in multiple 2025 sessions and now advances again in the 2026 legislative calendar.
Confirmed details show that machines must remain connected to a centralized control system supervised by the Missouri Lottery Commission, restrict play to patrons over 21, and display addiction warning signage. Local governments have 90 days after the law's enactment to prohibit machines through ordinances. The legislation aims to convert an informal market into a regulated industry while generating stable tax revenue for local administrations.
Key actors include Representative Bill Hardwick (R-Dixon), who sponsors the bill arguing it will bring necessary regulation and taxation to a widespread but uncontrolled activity. Opponents, including the Missouri Chamber of Commerce, warn of uneven regulation and risks to vulnerable communities. Testimony from Kansas City officials highlights concerns about connections between VLT locations and illegal activities. Local governments and the Missouri Lottery Commission will play decisive roles in implementation.
If approved in the House during the current session, the bill is expected to move to the Senate for consideration in early 2026. Following legislative approval, the Missouri Lottery Commission will initiate rulemaking, including public comment periods and phased licensing. Municipalities then will have 90 days to opt in or out before state-wide implementation, which could begin by late 2026 or early 2027.
